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Professor Katy Hayward explains how Brexit happened, why Northern Ireland became central to UK–EU relations, and what Brexit means for the future of the island of Ireland.

226. How Brexit Happened: Prof. Katy Hayward

29 June 2026


About This Episode

Brexit did not happen overnight. It was the culmination of decades of political change, public debate, leadership decisions and constitutional tensions.

In this conversation, Professor Katy Hayward traces the road to Brexit from its origins through the referendum and its lasting consequences for Northern Ireland, Ireland, Britain and Europe.

Topics include the Good Friday Agreement, the Irish border, sovereignty, Westminster politics, the Northern Ireland Protocol, the Windsor Framework, UK–EU relations and why Northern Ireland now occupies a unique place at the centre of post-Brexit politics.

Rather than debating personalities or party politics, this episode seeks to explain the historical context behind one of the most significant political events in modern European history.

Professor Katy Hayward

Professor Katy Hayward is Professor of Political Sociology at Queen's University Belfast and one of the leading academic authorities on Brexit, the Irish border, the Good Friday Agreement and UK–EU relations. Her research focuses on conflict transformation, constitutional politics and the political future of these islands.

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